A particle-in-cell simulation of symmetric reconnection with zero guide field is carried out to understand the dynamics of ions along the separatrices.Through t
Energetic electron measurements and spacecraft charging are of great significance for theoretical research in space physics and space weather applications.In th
Polar mesosphere summer echoes(PMSE)are observed simultaneously with Digisonde and EISCAT VHF radar.The phenomenon of irregular Es layers is called PMSE-like or