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1860年Pasteur报导培养厌氧菌方法。本世纪初,法国学者指出,可在脓胸病人胸液中找到厌氧菌。1928年Smith检查肺脓肿病人尸检标本,在脓肿壁内发现的厌氧菌与口腔中所见相似。自青霉素问世以来,对肺内厌氧菌感染的兴趣有所减低。因为厌氧菌标本难以收集、运送和培养,且胸膜肺内85%厌氧菌对青霉素敏感。因为厌氧菌聚居于口咽部(1ml涎液含10~7～10~9厌氧菌),数量上超过需氧菌的10倍,故诊断厌氧菌感染甚为困难。平常痰液标本和鼻气管吸出标本是不适用的。由于仅2%肺厌氧菌感染病人有厌氧菌菌血症,放血培养很少有帮助,甚至纤维支气管镜也无帮助,因为从末梢气道洗涤和正常刷出标本肯定通过支气管镜的吸引管道收集,而此器械通过口咽部时将被污染。不过,除慢性支气管炎外,声带以下的气道是无菌的,所以发现的任何细菌很可能是致病性的。
Pasteur in 1860 reported anaerobic cultivation methods. Early this century, French scholars pointed out that anaerobic bacteria can be found in pleural fluid of empyema patients. 1928 Smith examination of lung abscess patients autopsy specimens found in the abscess wall anaerobic bacteria and oral see. Since the advent of penicillin, there has been less interest in anaerobic infections of the lungs. Because anaerobic specimens are difficult to collect, transport and culture, and 85% of anaerobic bacteria in the pleural lung are sensitive to penicillin. Because anaerobic bacteria colonize the oropharynx (1ml salivary fluid containing 10 ~ 7 ~ 10 ~ 9 anaerobic bacteria), the number of aerobic bacteria than 10 times, so the diagnosis of anaerobic infection is very difficult. Normal sputum specimens and nasal tracheal aspiration specimens are not applicable. Since anaerobic bacteremia occurs in only 2% of patients with pulmonary anaerobes, bleeding is rarely helpful, and even bronchoscopy is not helpful because the specimen is usually brushed through bronchoscopy from the distal airway scrub and normal brushing The tubing is collected and the instrument will be contaminated when it passes through the oropharynx. However, except for chronic bronchitis, the airways below the vocal cords are sterile, so any bacteria found is likely to be pathogenic.