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目的分析2004-2008年铜川市免疫规划疫苗针对传染病流行特征,了解流行趋势,探讨进一步控制疫苗针对传染病的防治措施。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对疫情网2004-2008年疫苗针对传染病的报告数据用Excel系统进行分析。结果2004-2008年脊髓灰质炎、白喉、新生儿破伤风、炭疽和钩体病无病例报告,共报告免疫规划疫苗针对传染病10种10 784例,死亡30例,流脑、百日咳、乙脑、肾综合症出血热、甲肝和风疹的年均发病率在0.07/10万~4.59/10万之间,呈低水平发病;麻疹年均发病率为6.83/10万;流行性腮腺炎年均发病率为22.60/10万,发病有上升趋势;乙肝(133.51/10万)和肺结核(85.64/10万)的发病在较高水平,发病数占总病例数的84.52%,且以成人(20岁~)为主,成人的肺结核和乙肝分别占了91.30%和85.27%。结论免疫是预防控制传染病最为有效的手段,预防和控制疫苗针对传染病应采取以预防接种为主的综合性防治措施,保持高水平的接种率,对重点人群实施有效的免疫策略,增加免疫覆盖面,并做好疫苗针对传染病的疾病监测。
Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of vaccines in Tongchuan City from 2004 to 2008 in order to understand the epidemic trend and to explore the preventive measures for further controlling the vaccines against infectious diseases. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological report of epidemic-specific vaccines against infectious diseases in 2004-2008 using Excel. Results No cases of poliomyelitis, diphtheria, neonatal tetanus, anthrax and leptospirosis were reported in 2004-2008. A total of 10 784 immunization programs against infectious diseases were reported, including 10 deaths, 30 meningitis, pertussis, and Japanese encephalitis , And the annual average incidence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, hepatitis A and rubella was between 0.07 / 100,000 and 4.59 / 100,000, with a low level of incidence; the annual average incidence of measles was 6.83 / 100,000; the annual average rate of mumps The incidence was 22.60 / 100 000, with an increasing incidence. The incidence of hepatitis B (133.51 / 100 000) and tuberculosis (85.64 / 100 000) was at a high level, accounting for 84.52% of the total number of cases, Aged ~), adult tuberculosis and hepatitis B accounted for 91.30% and 85.27% respectively. Conclusions Immunization is the most effective way to prevent and control infectious diseases. Prevention and control of vaccines should be based on vaccination. Comprehensive vaccination should be taken to maintain a high vaccination rate. Effective immunization strategies should be implemented for key populations to increase immunity Coverage, and vaccines for disease surveillance of infectious diseases.