论文部分内容阅读
许多人认为,知识产权已经走得太远,而政策制定者必须对此作出相应的回应。在本文中,笔者认为,该批判固然不无道理,但在某些情况下,私人当事方正在亲力亲为。不少企业和个人正加快向公有领域注入信息,其目的很明显,就是抵制或削弱竞争对手潜在的财产权利。一些生物技术企业在公有领域投资的基因序列数据库价值高达数百万美元,并通过这种途径来防止其他企业抢占短基因序列专利,而一些主要的软件企业则对开源操作系统投入巨资以对付劲敌。在这两种情况下,为抢先排除财产权而进行的投.资(property-preemptinginvestments,PPIs)的这些举动都是为了抵制对手的产权对自己造成的不利影响。除此以外,个人和非营利组织也同样以自己的行动参与其中,诸如倡导知识共享计划等。在公有领域的这些主要的私人投资的出现,一方面揭示出知识产权制度具有一种自我修正功能,尽管这种功能至今仍为人们所忽视;另一方面,也表现出知识产权保护过度的探讨并不仅仅存在于公共立法领域,还存在于别的领域。
Many believe that intellectual property rights have gone too far and that policymakers must respond accordingly. In this article, I believe that the criticism is not unreasonable, but in some cases, private parties are personally dear. Quite a number of businesses and individuals are accelerating the influx of information into the public domain for the obvious purpose of boycotting or weakening potential property rights of competitors. Some biotech companies invest millions in the public domain's gene sequence database to prevent other companies from preempting short-sequence sequences while some major software companies are investing heavily in open-source operating systems Rivalry. In both cases, these actions of property-preemptinginvestments (PPIs) are intended to counteract the adverse effects of their property rights on themselves. In addition, individuals and nonprofit organizations are also involved in their own actions, such as promoting knowledge sharing programs. The emergence of these major private investments in the public domain reveals, on the one hand, that the system of intellectual property has a self-correcting function that has so far been overlooked; on the other hand, it has also demonstrated the excessive protection of intellectual property Not only exist in the field of public legislation, but also exist in other fields.