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多尿可由水性利尿或溶质性利尿而引起。虽然多尿的原因可以从病史及体检中找到一些线索,但确定诊断还需要依靠尿和血清渗克分子浓度及尿量和渗克分子排泄率的测定结果。等渗与高渗性尿液见于溶质性多尿及正常儿童,而低渗尿见于水性多尿的患儿。后者中,血清渗透压低者提示为原发性烦渴,而血清渗透压高者提示抗利尿激素分泌不足或不敏感。如果初查找不出多尿的原因,则需做禁水试验、垂体加压素试验以鉴别神经原性或肾原性尿崩症。
Polyuria can be caused by aqueous diuretic or solute diuresis. Although the reasons for polyuria can be found from the history and physical examination of some clues, but also need to rely on the diagnosis of urine and serum osmogram molecular concentration and urine output and osmotic molecular excretion rate determination results. Isotonic and hypertonic urine found in solute polyuria and normal children, and low-permeability urine seen in children with aqueous polyuria. The latter, the lower the serum osmolarity suggested that primary polydipsia, and high serum osmolarity that vasopressin secretion of inadequate or insensitive. If you can not find the beginning of the reasons for polyuria, you need to do a water test, pituitary hormone test to identify neurogenic or nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.