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1861年,法国外科医生布罗卡(P.Broca)描述了他对一个名叫勒博尔纳的男子的研究。这个男子能够理解对他说的话,但不能连贯地说话。他能够说出孤立的词汇,甚至一些词组,但这些词组是没有意义的。他全然不能与人交流。在勒博尔纳死后,布罗卡对他进行了尸体解剖并发现,在他的大脑额叶的靠后部位,有一处损伤。这是第一次证明,智力的一个方面——在这个病例中,是语言智力——位于大脑的某个特定部位。布罗卡的发现表明,智力不是通过大脑皮层随机地散布的一种一般化能力。 这种观点很快被哈佛大学心理学家加德纳(H.Gardner)接受了,他与中风病人一起度过上午的时间,与具有天赋的正常儿童一起度过下午的时
In 1861, French surgeon P.Broca described his study of a man named Le Borner. The man understands what he says to him, but can not speak in a coherent manner. He can speak isolated words and even phrases, but these phrases do not make sense. He can not communicate with people at all. After Leblon’s death, Broca conducted a necropsy of his body and found that there was an injury in the posterior part of his frontal brain. This is the first proof that one aspect of intelligence - in this case, linguistic intelligence - is located in a specific part of the brain. Broca’s findings show that intelligence is not a generalized ability to be randomly distributed through the cerebral cortex. This view was soon followed by H. Gardner, a psychologist at Harvard who spent the morning with stroke patients and spent the afternoon with a talented, regular child