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马克思认为,股份公司是资本主义生产力的增长和资本的个人所有制形式之间矛盾的产物,是社会化大生产的产物。它的出现,促进了资本集中和生产发展,是资本主义私有制的一种新的实现形式。由马克思的论述我们可以看出,股份制作为一种资本组织形式,只是在没有从根本上触及资本主义私有制本身的前提下,对资本主义生产关系从组织形式方面进行的一次内部自我调整。马克思虽然没有为我们准备现成的社会主义的股份制理论,但他所阐述的有关股份制的一般原理,对于我们创造性地利用股份制来为发展社会主义市场经济服务,对澄清国有企业改革中的理论误区,保证国有企业的股份制改造沿着社会主义方向发展,具有重要的现实意义。
Marx believes that a joint-stock company is a product of the contradiction between the growth of capitalist productivity and the form of personal ownership of capital, and is a product of socialized mass production. Its emergence, promotion of capital concentration and production development is a new form of realization of the capitalist private ownership. From Marx’s argument we can see that the shareholding system as a form of capital organization is an internal self-adjustment of the organizational form of the capitalist relations of production without the fundamental access to the private ownership of capitalism. Although Marx did not prepare us a ready-made theory of the shareholding system of socialism, his general principles about the shareholding system elaborated by him are very important for us to creatively use the shareholding system to serve the development of the socialist market economy, to clarify the theoretical misunderstandings in the reform of state-owned enterprises, The reform of the shareholding system of state-owned enterprises along the socialist direction has an important practical significance.