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目的了解1990~2006年中国(未包括香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区,下同)甲型病毒性肝炎(甲肝)的流行病学特征,为甲肝疫苗(HepA)使用原则的制定提供参考依据。方法对法定传染病报告系统报告的甲肝发病情况进行描述流行病学分析。结果1990~2006年中国甲肝发病呈逐年下降趋势。全年均有发病,春季高峰逐渐被削平。发病年龄主要集中在≤30岁的人群,尤其是≤19岁、≤5岁年龄段发病构成比较低,但有逐年增加的趋势,发病年龄有上移现象。男性发病多于女性,并呈现男女发病比升高的趋势。1990~2006年甲肝发病人数最多的是农民、学生、散居儿童、工人,甲肝病例职业构成中农民由1990~1994年的29.51%逐渐增加到2005~2006年的38.94%,最高为2000~2004年占39.45%,学生比例略有减少,散居儿童和工人的发病构成由1990~1994年的分别占19%、12%,减少为2005~2006年的8%、6%。结论中国由甲肝的高发区向中、低发区过渡,规范的接种HepA是控制甲肝的主要措施。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis A virus (Hepatitis A) in China from 1990 to 2006 (excluding Hong Kong SAR, Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan, the same below) and to provide a reference for the development of HepA vaccine. Methods An epidemiological analysis of the incidence of hepatitis A reported by the notifiable infectious disease reporting system was performed. Results The incidence of hepatitis A in China declined from 1990 to 2006. The incidence all year round, spring peak gradually be flattened. The age of onset mainly concentrated in people ≤30 years of age, especially ≤19 years of age, ≤5 years of age the incidence of relatively low, but there is an increasing trend, the age of onset increased. The incidence of men than women, and the incidence of men and women showed an upward trend. From 1990 to 2006, the largest number of cases of hepatitis A were peasants, students, scattered children, workers and peasants in the occupational structure of hepatitis A cases, increasing from 29.51% in 1990-1994 to 38.94% in 2005-2006, up to 2000-2004 Accounting for 39.45%. The proportion of students dropped slightly. The incidence of scattered children and workers decreased from 19% and 12% respectively in 1990-1994 to 8% and 6% in 2005-2006. Conclusion The transition from high incidence area of hepatitis A to middle and low incidence area in China is the main measure to control hepatitis A.