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汉语中没有单纯的焦点标记词,汉语焦点标记词可分为焦点标记和焦点算子两类,焦点标记又有典型和非典型之分。判断焦点标记和焦点算子的依据为是否可以去掉而不影响句法和语义的完整性。汉语中的典型焦点标记具有语义虚化、功能单一、较强浮动性、不强制使用的特点。非典型焦点标记不具有浮动性或浮动性非常受限,具有特定的出现条件和特定的语用功能,语义虚化程度低于典型焦点标记。焦点算子的主要功能是对焦点进行语义操作,凸显指示焦点性只是其附带功能。汉语的焦点标记词是一个连续统,具有管辖性、可逆性、连续性、多源性和复杂性的特点。
There is no simple focus mark in Chinese. Chinese focus mark can be divided into two types: focus mark and focus operator. Focus marks have typical and atypical points. The basis for judging the focus mark and the focus operator is whether or not it can be removed without affecting the syntactic and semantic integrity. The typical focus mark in Chinese has the characteristics of semantic vitality, single function, strong floating, non-compulsory use. Atypical focus markers are not floating or floating very limited, with specific conditions of emergence and specific pragmatic functions, semantic blur lower than the typical focus mark. The main function of the focus operator is to focus on the semantic operation, highlighting the focus is only its incidental function. The focus mark of Chinese is a continuum with the characteristics of jurisdiction, reversibility, continuity, multi-source and complexity.