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北京郊区蔬菜生产有着悠久历史,远在百年前京西兰靛厂、海淀、厢红旗等村镇就有供奉皇室而生产蔬菜的菜园地。长期以来,通过精耕细作、勤灌和高肥等措施,培育了较为肥沃的菜地土壤。随着首都城市人口的增长,需不断扩大种菜面积,但原有老菜地被城建占用逐年减少。即原为高肥力的菜地土壤面积在减少,近城区则已全部消失;而由粮田改为菜地的肥力水平中等或中等偏下的土壤面积增多。因此,对目前菜地土壤肥力状况的了解,将有助于对菜地土壤培肥提供依据,以期京郊蔬菜生产能更好地满足首都人民生活需要。现将初步调查研究结果整理如下,供有关方面参考。
Beijing has a long history of vegetable production in the suburbs of Beijing. Far a century ago, there were vegetable gardens dedicated to imperial production of vegetables in Beijing-Ceylon Indigo Factory, Haidian, and Xiangfan Banner. For a long time, more fertile vegetable soil has been cultivated through such measures as intensive cultivation, diligence irrigation and high fertilization. With the growth of population in the capital city, the area of planting vegetables needs to be expanded continuously. However, the original vegetables are reduced by urban construction. That is, the soil area of the formerly high-fertility vegetable fields decreased while that of the near-urban areas all disappeared; while the soil fertility level from medium-grain land to vegetable land increased at medium or lower middle level. Therefore, understanding of the current status of soil fertility in vegetable soils will help provide a basis for soil fertility improvement in vegetable soils, so that vegetable production in the suburbs of Beijing can better meet the needs of the people in the capital. The results of the preliminary investigation are summarized below, for reference.