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利用UP-PCR、ISSR和AFLP分子标记方法研究了我国主要玉米产区34株玉米丝黑穗病菌的遗传多样性。从供试引物中筛选获得具多态性的UP-PCR引物9个、ISSR引物11个和AFLP引物组合22对,分别扩增出113、72和293条谱带,多态性条带比率分别为91.15%、84.7%和83.27%。聚类分析表明,玉米丝黑穗病菌存在丰富的遗传变异,与地理来源无明显相关性。3种分子标记的遗传相似系数矩阵相关性分析表明,UP-PCR与AFLP具有较高的相关性,相关系数为0.698;UP-PCR与ISSR、ISSR与AFLP的相关系数分别为0.659和0.633。从多态性水平、稳定性和可操作性可以看出,UP-PCR技术更适于分析玉米丝黑穗病菌遗传多样性。此外,UP-PCR、ISSR和AFLP标记划分的类群与鉴别寄主划分的致病类型之间存在一定的相关性,吻合率分别为50.0%、60.0%和47.6%。
UP-PCR, ISSR and AFLP molecular markers were used to study the genetic diversity of 34 maize head smut diseases in major maize producing areas in China. Nine polymorphic UP-PCR primers, 11 ISSR primers and 22 AFLP primer combinations were screened from the tested primers, and 113, 72 and 293 bands were amplified respectively, and the polymorphic band ratios were respectively 91.15%, 84.7% and 83.27% respectively. Cluster analysis showed that there was a rich genetic variation in the pathogen, but no significant correlation with geographical origin. Correlation analysis showed that there was a high correlation between UP-PCR and AFLP, and the correlation coefficient was 0.698. Correlation coefficients between UP-PCR and ISSR, ISSR and AFLP were 0.659 and 0.633, respectively. It can be seen from the level of polymorphism, stability and maneuverability that UP-PCR is more suitable for the analysis of genetic diversity of maize head smut. In addition, there was a certain correlation between the groups classified by UP-PCR, ISSR and AFLP markers and the pathogenic types identified by the identification hosts, with the coincidence rates being 50.0%, 60.0% and 47.6% respectively.