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2 不同应用场合的研究设计儿童保健学研究按其应用场合不同可分为调查研究、实验研究、社区干预研究、临床研究及动物实验。2.1 调查研究设计是儿童保健学常用的研究形式之一。例如:全国儿童生长发育调查,各地进行的项目县(省)妇幼保健基础调查等。2.1.1 调查研究又称观察性研究,其特点是:(1)研究因素(即处理因素)是客观存在,而不是人为加进去的;(2)不能用随机化分组来平衡混杂因素对调查结果的影响。例如:拟调查光照对维生素D缺乏性佝偻病的影响,但被调查者的年龄、母亲文化水平及饮食习惯均被视为混杂因素而不易被平衡。
2 different applications of research design Child health research according to their different applications can be divided into research, experimental research, community intervention research, clinical research and animal experiments. 2.1 Survey Design is one of the commonly used forms of research in child health. For example: the National Children’s Growth and Development Survey, all over the county (province) basic survey of maternal and child health and so on. 2.1.1 Survey research, also known as observational research, is characterized by: (1) research factors (ie, processing factors) are objective, rather than artificially added; (2) can not use randomized groups to balance the confounding factors on the survey Effect of the result. For example, it is proposed to investigate the impact of light on vitamin D deficiency rickets, but the age, mothers’ cultural level and eating habits of respondents are considered as confounding factors and can not be easily balanced.