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目的探讨海口市黎族老年人高血压、糖尿病和脑卒中等慢性病危险因素及对策。方法采用整群抽样方法抽取海口市2个社区60周岁及以上的396名黎族老年居民为研究对象,通过问卷调查和体格检查收集资料,分析黎族老年居民常见慢性疾病的患病情况及其危险因素。结果体检发现,258名(65.16%)黎族老年居民患有慢性病。单因素分析显示,文化程度、离退休前职业、家庭人均月收入、吸烟、作息时间规律、肥胖和健身运动情况不同,其慢性病患病率也不同(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析发现,吸烟、肥胖、离退休前职业、作息时间规律、健身运动情况对黎族老年居民慢性病的影响有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论海口市黎族老年居民慢性病患病率与危险因素均处于较高水平,应倡导健康生活方式,提高健康素养,逐步改变不健康的生活习惯,加强体育锻炼。
Objective To investigate the risk factors of chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus and stroke in the elderly in Haikou and its countermeasures. Methods A total of 396 Li elderly residents aged 60 years and older in two communities in Haikou were sampled by cluster sampling method. Data were collected through questionnaires and physical examinations to analyze the prevalence and risk factors of common chronic diseases among elderly residents in Li nationality. . Results Physical examination found that 258 (65.16%) elderly people in Li ethnic group had chronic diseases. Univariate analysis showed that the prevalence of chronic diseases varied with educational level, pre-retirement employment, monthly income per capita, smoking, regular work-hours, obesity and physical activity (P <0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis , Smoking, obesity, pre-retirement occupations, work-rest regularity, and physical activity had significant effects on chronic diseases of elderly residents in Li ethnic group (P <0.01). Conclusion The prevalence and risk factors of chronic diseases in elderly Li population in Haikou City are all at a high level. Healthy lifestyles should be advocated, health literacy should be promoted, and unhealthy life habits should be gradually changed to enhance physical activity.