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了解气管及肺的呼吸生理变化,对深入研究呼吸系统疾病,特别是慢性阻塞性肺疾患的发生,发展及对肺功能的影响有极密切的关系。近年来,认为气管及肺不但有通气及换气功能,且与代谢、免疫、及内分泌等功能均有关。因此在肺功能的测定方法上也有了不少新的进展。本文重点介绍大、小气道及肺的呼吸生理,并对有关肺功能检查作扼要的介绍。一、大气道和小气道的呼吸生理病理 (一)解剖学的划分气道由总气管向下作多次二分支达末梢部。0级为未分支之总气管;1级为主支气管;2级为叶支气管;3级为段支气管;4级为亚段支气管;5～10级为小支气管;11～13级为细支气管;14～16级
Knowing the respiratory physiology of the trachea and lungs is very closely related to the in-depth study on the occurrence and development of respiratory diseases, especially chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the effects on lung function. In recent years, the trachea and lungs are considered not only to have ventilation and ventilation functions, but also to metabolism, immunity, and endocrine functions. Therefore, in the determination of lung function has also made a lot of new progress. This article focuses on the respiratory physiology of the large and small airways and lungs and provides a brief introduction to lung function tests. First, the airway and small airway respiratory physiology and pathology (A) the anatomy of the airway from the total trachea down for many times to reach the distal tip. Grade 0 is the un-branched total trachea; grade 1 is the main bronchus; grade 2 is the leaf bronchus; grade 3 is the segmental bronchus; grade 4 is the sub-bronchus; grade 5 to 10 is the bronchus; grade 11 to 13 is the bronchioles; 14 ~ 16 level