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目的分析沈阳市2005-2014年麻疹监测资料的流行病学特征,为制定本地区的消除麻疹防控措施提供依据。方法对沈阳市2005-2014年麻疹发病情况进行描述性流行病学方法分析。结果累计报告麻疹病例4978例,年平均发病率为6.49/10万,发病率最高为25.02/10万,最低为0.18/10万。发病季节主要集中在3-5月份,占67.02%;各县区均有病例报告,高发地区由城郊向农村转移;发病年龄最小为15 d,最大为64岁,平均发病年龄为22岁;0岁组发病率和构成比均最高,且呈逐年上升趋势,其中6~8月龄占该年龄组的51.17%;25岁以上人群占病例总数的38.38%,45岁以上人群呈逐年上升趋势。结论 10年间,麻疹的流行特征发生了显著改变,要及时分析疫情形势才能准确制定适宜的防控措施。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles surveillance data from 2005 to 2014 in Shenyang City and provide evidence for the prevention and control of measles in this region. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the incidence of measles in Shenyang City from 2005 to 2014. Results A total of 4978 measles cases were reported, with an average annual incidence of 6.49 per 100 000. The highest incidence was 25.02 per 100 000 and the lowest was 0.18 per 100 000. The incidence season mainly concentrated in March-May, accounting for 67.02%. There were case reports in all counties and counties with high incidence of metastasis from suburbs to rural areas. The minimum age of onset was 15 days, the maximum was 64 years and the average age of onset was 22 years. The incidence and composition ratio of the elderly group were the highest, and showed an upward trend year by year, of which 6 to 8 months accounted for 51.17% of the age group; people over the age of 25 accounted for 38.38% of the total number of cases, the population over the age of 45 showed an upward trend year by year. Conclusion During the 10 years, the epidemiological characteristics of measles have undergone significant changes. Precise prevention and control measures can only be formulated accurately by analyzing the epidemic situation in time.