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The control ot black and odorous substances in sediments is of crucial importance to improve the urban ecological landscape and to restore water environments accordingly.In this study,chemical oxidation by the oxidants NaClO,H2O2,and KMnO4 was proposed to achieve rapid control of black and odorous substances in heavily-polluted sediments.Results indicate that NaClO and KMnO4 are effective at removing Fe(Ⅱ) and acid volatile sulfides.The removal efficiencies of Fe(Ⅱ) and AVS were determined to be 45.2％,94.1％,and 93.7％,89.5％ after 24-h exposure to NaClO and KMnO4 at 0.2mmol/g,respectively.Additionally,rapid oxidation might accelerate the release of pollutants from sediment.The release of organic matters and phosphorus with the maximum ratios of 22.1％ and 51.2％ was observed upon NaC1O oxidation at 0.4 mmol/g.Moreover,the introduction of oxidants contributed to changes in the microbial community composition in sediment.After oxidation by NaClO and KMnO4 at 0.4 mmol/g,the Shannon index decreased from 6.72 to 5.19 and 4.95,whereas the OTU numbers decreased from 2904 to 1677 and 1553,respectively.Comparatively,H2O2 showed a lower effect on the removal of black and odorous substances,pollutant release,and changes in sediment microorganisms.This study illustrates the effects of oxidant addition on the characteristics of heavily polluted sediments and shows that chemical oxidants may be an option to achieve rapid control of black and odorous substances prior to remediation of water environments.