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戒烟是当代最重要的医学-社会问题之一。事实证明,吸烟与其它因素一起能引起多种疾病,而使居民的平均寿命缩短。烟草烟雾的成分通常分为气态成分,水溶性固体粒子和非水溶性固体粒子。上述物质互为协助剂,彼此增强作用。据推测,气态成分吸附于烟草烟雾中的固体粒子可加强对呼吸道的损害作用。实验证实,吸烟能降低纤毛上皮的防御机能,降低整个呼吸道的抵抗力,造成气管粘液郁滞,以致最终形成肺气肿。现代观点认为,来自胰腺、细菌、巨噬细胞和白细胞的蛋水解酶对于肺气肿的形成起着重要作用。
Quitting smoking is one of the most important medical-social issues of our time. As it turns out, smoking, along with other factors, can cause a variety of illnesses and shorten the average life expectancy of residents. Tobacco smoke components are usually divided into gaseous components, water-soluble solid particles and water-insoluble solid particles. The above substances act as co-agents and enhance each other. Presumably, the solid particles adsorbed to the tobacco smoke in gaseous components enhance the damaging effects on the respiratory tract. Experiments confirmed that smoking can reduce the defensive function of the ciliated epithelium, reducing the resistance of the entire respiratory tract, causing tracheal stagnation, resulting in the formation of emphysema. Modern opinion holds that the proteolytic enzymes from the pancreas, bacteria, macrophages, and leukocytes play an important role in the formation of emphysema.