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微小核糖核酸(micro ribonucleic acid,miRNA)是一类内生的、较短的单链非编码RNA分子,由21～25个核苷酸组成。近年来,发现其与基因表达、细胞生长发育、肿瘤发生等诸多方面的机制和作用具有相关性。在我国发病率最高的泌尿系统肿瘤是膀胱癌,其中来自尿路上皮的移行细胞癌占90%以上。国内外研究表明,miRNA与膀胱癌的发生发展有明显的相关性,miRNA可能在膀胱癌细胞发生发展过程中起关键的调节作用,有望为膀胱癌的临床诊断、判断预后及治疗提供新的解决思路。本文对miRNA的分子生物学特征,其与肿瘤及膀胱癌的关系进行了综述。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, short single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules consisting of 21 to 25 nucleotides. In recent years, it has been found that it has a correlation with many mechanisms and functions such as gene expression, cell growth and development, tumorigenesis and so on. The highest incidence of urinary system tumors in our country is bladder cancer, of which transitional cell carcinoma from urothelial cells account for more than 90%. Domestic and foreign studies have shown that miRNA and bladder cancer have a significant correlation with the occurrence and development, miRNA may play a key regulatory role in the development of bladder cancer cells, is expected to provide a new solution for the clinical diagnosis of bladder cancer, prognosis and treatment Ideas. In this paper, the molecular biological characteristics of miRNAs and their relationship with tumor and bladder cancer are reviewed.