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2015年9月对贵州水城盆地进行采样,共采集地下水样品12个,地表水样品10个,综合运用相关性分析、主成分分析等方法,并结合PHREEQC软件对矿物饱和度指数的计算结果,探讨了地下水、地表水水化学特征现状及其影响因素。研究结果表明:水城盆地岩溶水的水化学类型主要为HCO_3-Ca型,部分为SO_4-Ca型,地下水和地表水水化学组成主要受Ca~(2+)、K~++Na~+、HCO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)和Cl~-影响。研究区地下水和地表水中Ca~(2+)和HCO_3~-主要来源于碳酸盐岩地区的水-岩反应,水体中Cl~-、NO_3~-和Na~+主要来源于城镇生活污水、屠宰废水排放。地下水水质受水-岩反应影响,部分区域受到人类活动干扰明显;地表水水质在钟山区方向主要受沿途生活污水和农业面源污水汇入影响显著,而在水城县方向受煤矿企业排放废水影响较大。
In September 2015, 12 samples of groundwater and 10 samples of surface water were collected from Guizhou Shuicheng basin. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used in combination with the calculation results of mineral saturation index by PHREEQC software The Status Quo and Influencing Factors of Groundwater and Surface Water Chemical Characteristics. The results show that the hydrochemical types of karst water in the Shuicheng basin are mainly HCO 3-Ca type and partly SO 4-Ca type. The chemical compositions of groundwater and surface water are mainly affected by Ca 2+, K ++ Na + HCO_3 ~ -, SO_4 ~ (2-) and Cl ~ - influence. The Ca2 + and HCO3- in the groundwater and surface water of the study area are mainly derived from the water-rock reaction in the carbonate area. Cl ~ -, NO_3 ~ - and Na ~ + in the water body are mainly from urban domestic sewage, Slaughterhouse waste discharge. The quality of groundwater is affected by water-rock reaction, and some areas are obviously disturbed by human activities. The surface water quality is mainly affected by the influx of domestic sewage and agricultural non-point source sewage in the direction of Zhongshan Mountain, and is affected by the discharge of wastewater from coal mines in the direction of Shuicheng County Larger.