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《南京条约》中赔款一项,除烟价、军费外还有商欠。所谓商欠,是指鸦片战争前清政府在广州设立的行商在对外贸易中欠下英商的债务。对此,条约第五款规定:“向例额设行商等内有累欠英商甚多无措清还者,今酌定洋银三百万元,作为商欠之数,准明由中国官为偿还。”这笔巨款究竟是怎样欠下的?既为行商所欠,何以要由中国官为偿还?本文试对这一问题作一简要论述。
In the “Treaty of Nanjing”, one item of indemnity, in addition to tobacco prices, military arrears owed outside. The so-called business default refers to the fact that traders set up in Guangzhou by the Qing government before the Opium War owed their debts to foreign businessmen in foreign trade. In this connection, Article V of the Treaty provides that: “To the merchants who set aside their debts and who owe a great deal of money to China is very much in the interest of being repatriated. As of now, Officer for the repayment. ”This huge sum of money exactly what is owed? Not only owed by traders, why should the Chinese government to repay? This article tries to make a brief discussion on this issue.