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15世纪末,利比里亚半岛上卡斯蒂利亚和阿拉贡两个王国的国王金伊莎贝拉和费迪南,结为夫妻后合并各自的国家,建立起统一的西班牙王国。夫妻二人还资助了哥伦布向未知世界的远航,这使西班牙在大航海时代捷足先登,建立起从菲律宾到美洲的第一个世界性殖民帝国。17世纪以后,西班牙自身却逐渐衰落下去。直到拿破仑入侵西班牙,引发西属美洲殖民帝国彻底崩溃,老迈的西班牙陷入独裁、革命、内战、复辟的循环中。
At the end of the 15th century, King Isabella and Ferdinand King of the two kingdoms of Castile and Aragon on the Liberia Peninsula were married and merged into their respective countries to establish a unified Spanish kingdom. The couple also financed Columbus voyage to the unknown world, which made Spain pre-empted in the era of great voyages and established the first worldly colonial empire from the Philippines to the Americas. After the 17th century, Spain itself gradually declined. Until Napoleon invaded Spain, triggering a total collapse of the American colonial empire in West Indies, the old Spain plunged into a cycle of dictatorship, revolution, civil war and restoration.