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基因,现代遗传学家认为是DNA(脱氧核糖核酸)分子上具有遗传效应的特定核苷酸序列的总称,是具有遗传效应的DNA分子片段。是控制性状的基本遗传单位。基因不仅可以通过复制把遗传信息传递给下一代,还可以指导蛋白质的合成来表达自己所携带的遗传信息,从而控制生物个体的性状表现,使得遗传信息得到表达。例如不同人种之间头发、肤色、眼睛、鼻子等不同,是基因差异所致。
Genes, modern geneticists think DNA (DNA) molecules have a genetic effect on specific nucleotide sequences in general, is a genetic effect of DNA molecular fragments. Is the basic genetic unit controlling traits. Genes can not only convey the genetic information to the next generation through replication, but also can guide the synthesis of the protein to express the genetic information they carry, so as to control the biological performance of the individual so that the genetic information is expressed. For example, different ethnic groups such as hair, skin color, eyes, nose, etc., are caused by genetic differences.