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目的了解佳木斯市城区初中生的忽视现况,探讨其影响因素。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法抽取佳木斯市城区普通中学的632名中学生(男生322名,女生310名),采用“中国城区12~17岁中学生忽视评价常模”中规定的量表进行问卷调查,应用Epi Data 3.1软件建立数据库,SAS 9.2.1软件进行统计分析。结果佳木斯市初中生的总体忽视度为(48.44±7.57),高于全国水平(t=6.778,P<0.01)。12、13岁组的忽视度高于全国水平(t=4.777,P<0.01;t=5.830,P<0.01);男生和女生的忽视度也分别高于全国水平(t=6.127,P<0.01;t=3.559,P<0.01)。不同年龄、性别在不同层面比较,13岁组的社会会忽视度最高(P<0.01);男生在教育、安全、医疗和社会层面上的忽视度均高于女生(P<0.05)。影响因素分析结果显示,性别为男性、父亲文化水平低及与父母亲的关系不好为儿童忽视的危险因素。结论佳木斯市城区初中生忽视强度较大,且受家庭影响较多。应对父母开展有关知识的健康教育,改善家庭氛围和亲子关系,为青少年健康成长提供良好的环境。
Objective To understand the neglect status of junior high school students in Jiamusi city and discuss the influencing factors. Methods A total of 632 middle school students (322 boys and 310 girls) from general secondary schools in Jiamusi City were collected by cluster random sampling method, and the scale was used in the “Neglect Evaluation Criteria for Middle School Students of 12 ~ 17 Years Old in Urban China” Questionnaire, using Epi Data 3.1 software to establish a database, SAS 9.2.1 software for statistical analysis. Results The overall neglect rate of junior high school students in Jiamusi City was (48.44 ± 7.57), which was higher than the national level (t = 6.778, P <0.01). The ignorance of boys and girls were higher than the national level (t = 4.777, P <0.01; t = 5.830, P <0.01) ; t = 3.559, P <0.01). At different ages and genders, the social ignorance of the 13-year-old group was the highest (P <0.01). The ignorance of boys in the education, safety, medical and social aspects was higher than that of the girls (P <0.05). The analysis of influencing factors showed that the risk of neglecting children was gender-based men, poor literacy of their father and poor relationship with their parents. Conclusion Junior high school students in Jiamusi City have a negligible intensity and are more influenced by their families. We should educate our parents about health education, improve family atmosphere and parent-child relationship, and provide a good environment for the healthy growth of young people.