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Background: Hyperbilirubinemia is a frequently seen condition in neonates. This study was undertaken to determine the role of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the etiology of indirect hyperbilirubinemia in neonates with jaundice in their fi rst two weeks of life. Methods: The study was conducted prospectively. The subjects were neonates aged 4-14 days with hyperbilirubinemia which could not be detected by routine tests and was suffi ciently severe to necessitate phototherapy. Results: The study was performed in 104 neonates, of whom 18% (n=19) had UTI. The most frequently identified micro-organism was Escherichia coli (43%). Phototherapy duration and rebound bilirubin level were higher in neonates with UTI (P