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目的探讨原发性鼾症(PS)及阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)对儿童睡眠效率(SE)、睡眠结构、呼吸事件及生长发育的影响。方法选择2007年12月-2009年7月因打鼾、张口呼吸、呼吸困难等来本院呼吸科及耳鼻喉科就诊的患儿122例,经多导睡眠监测分为PS组(58例)和OSAHS组(64例),对2组患儿的SE、睡眠结构、睡眠事件及生长发育情况进行统计学分析。结果OSAHS组患儿SE低于PS组(P<0.01);OSAHS组Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期睡眠百分比高于PS组,Ⅲ+Ⅳ期及快速动眼睡眠(REM)期睡眠百分比低于PS组(Pa<0.01);OSAHS组呼吸暂停总次数高于PS组(P<0.01);最长呼吸暂停时间OSAHS组明显延长(P<0.01)。二组低通气总次数比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),OSAHS组较多;二组最长低通气时间比较差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.01),OSAHS组较长;呼吸紊乱指数、氧减指数二组比较差异均有统计学意义(Pa<0.01),OSAHS组较高。二组患儿身高、体质量、体质量指数、颈围比较差异均无统计学意义(Pa>0.05),OSAHS组腺样体面容发生率较PS组显著增高(P<0.05)。结论OSAHS对儿童SE、睡眠结构及生长发育可产生严重影响,应加强对儿童OSAHS的认识,早期干预、治疗。
Objective To investigate the effects of primary snoring (PS) and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) on sleep efficiency, sleep structure, respiratory events and growth in children. Methods A total of 122 children admitted to our Department of Respiratory and otolaryngology from December 2007 to July 2009 were randomly divided into PS group (58 cases) and control group OSAHS group (64 cases), the two groups of children with SE, sleep structure, sleep events and growth and development were statistically analyzed. Results The SE of OSAHS group was significantly lower than that of PS group (P <0.01). The OSAHS group Ⅰ and Ⅱ sleep percentage were higher than PS group, the percentage of sleep stage Ⅲ + Ⅳ and REM sleep was lower than that of PS group (P <0.01). The total number of apnea in OSAHS group was higher than that in PS group (P <0.01). The longest apnea time was significantly prolonged in OSAHS group (P <0.01). The total number of low-ventilation in the two groups was significantly different (P <0.01), OSAHS group more than the two groups the longest hypoxemic time was also statistically significant difference (P <0.01), OSAHS group longer breathing disorders Index and oxygen reduction index of the two groups were statistically significant differences (Pa <0.01), OSAHS group higher. There was no significant difference in height, body mass, body mass index and neck between the two groups (P> 0.05). The incidence of adenoid surface in OSAHS group was significantly higher than that in PS group (P <0.05). Conclusions OSAHS can have a serious impact on SE, sleep structure and growth and development in children. It is necessary to strengthen understanding, early intervention and treatment of OSAHS in children.