论文部分内容阅读
“速度障碍”是指当运动员速度能力发展到一定水平时,其运动成绩停滞不前甚至倒退的现象。不同训练层次的短跑运动员都存在这样的问题,而在训练条件较差、训练时间稍长的基层青少年运动员身上表现得更为突出。正确认识其实质以及产生的原因并能采取恰当的方法解决这类问题,对广大教练员来说,是很有必要的。一、速度障碍的实质速度障碍最早由前苏联训练理论专家于二十世纪七十年代初提出,一开始是针对短跑中的“成绩平台”而言的,但后来其意义有所扩大。1971年,前苏联的训练专家发现一种现象:即运动员依循当时的训练实践经验和训练理论在一定时间内不断循环加大训练负荷,但运动员的成绩却像“黏”住了似的,不见有好的突破,他们在仔细分析研究后依据巴甫洛夫的“条件反射”理论提出了运动训练领域中的“速度障碍”理论。它的中心理论,即速度障碍的实质是“步幅和步频定型”。其大意是:较
“Speed obstacle ” refers to the athlete’s speed ability to develop to a certain level, the sports performance stagnation or even retrogression phenomenon. Sprinters of different training levels all have such problems, but they are more prominent in grassroots junior athletes who have poor training conditions and a little training time. It is necessary for the majority of coaches to correctly understand the substance and causes of the problems and to take appropriate measures to solve such problems. First, the real speed obstacle speed barrier was first proposed by the former Soviet Union training theory experts in the early 1970s, the beginning is for the sprint in the “performance platform” in terms of, but then its meaning has expanded. In 1971, the Soviet Union’s training experts found a phenomenon: the athletes in accordance with the training practice at that time and training theory in a certain period of time continue to increase the training load, but the athlete’s performance is like “sticky ” lived like After a careful analysis and research, they put forward the theory of “speed obstacle” in the field of sports training according to Pavlov’s “conditioned reflex” theory. Its central theory, that is, the essence of the speed obstacle is “stride and stride patterning.” The effect is: more