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应用1999年8月19～24日我国第1次北极考察资料对北极夏季近地层气象要素梯度特征和冰面热量收支问题进行了讨论.北极夏季近地层相对于冰面的相对湿度很大,经常接近于饱和状态,冰温具有明显的日变化,夜间冰面附近冰温梯度较大,白天很小.在冰温垂直分布中20cm冰层温度有时可出现极大值.冰面热量收支计算表明,夜间冰面辐射冷却损失热量主要由冰层向冰面热量输送来补偿.白天冰层的热量主要来源于穿透短波辐射,冰面和以下冰层间的热量交换很低.白天冰面冰雪融化热量是不可忽视的.
The gradient of meteorological elements in the Arctic summertime and the issue of caloric revenue and expenditure are discussed with the first Arctic expedition data of China from 19 to 24 August 1999. The relative humidity of the Arctic summer relative to ice is very high, Often close to the saturated state, the ice temperature has obvious diurnal variation, ice temperature gradient near the ice at night is very small, during the daytime in the vertical distribution of ice temperature 20cm ice temperature may sometimes appear maximum. The calculated results show that the heat loss during the nighttime ice radiation cooling is mainly compensated by the heat transfer from the ice layer to the ice surface.The heat during the daytime is mainly from the shortwave radiation and the heat exchange between the ice layer and the ice layer is very low. Ice and snow melting heat can not be ignored.