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本文首先诠释曼德维尔“私恶即公利”这一“无赖之语”中所包含的深刻自发秩序思想,并用“化恶为善”一语概括其内容,然后阐述斯密与休谟对他的批评与发展。斯密提出的无形之手的神奇功效可用“化私为公”一语来概括。从曼德维尔的化恶为善到斯密与休谟的化私为公,是自发秩序理论的修正和发展。最后,阐述化私为公的实现过程与必要条件。本文诠释了他们的这一划时代的伟大发现,即基于人性论视角的自发秩序思想:在无形之手引导下,人们从利己天性出发追求其私利最大化的同时,却出乎意料地实现了社会公利的结果,一种化私为公的市场秩序就自发地形成了。本文旨在阐明,在他们的自发秩序思想中所蕴含的基于人性论视角的利己人假设所推演出实现化私为公的可能性之逻辑,并通过对其诠释而作出理论的重构。
This article first interprets the profound and spontaneous order thought contained in Mandeville “Private evil ” and “righteousness ”, and summarizes its contents with Closeness and Hume ’s Criticism and Development to him. The miraculous effect of Smith’s invisible hand can be summed up in the phrase “privately owned”. It is the revision and development of the theory of spontaneous order from the degeneration and evil of Mandeville to the selfishness of Smith and Hume. Finally, it expounds the realization process and the necessary conditions for turning private affairs into public affairs. This paper interprets the great discovery of this epoch, that is, the spontaneous order thought based on the perspective of human nature: under the guidance of the invisible hand, people from the nature of self-interest to maximize their personal interests, but unexpectedly achieved social benefits As a result, a market-oriented private sector was spontaneously formed. The purpose of this essay is to illustrate the logic of the altruistic assumption based on the perspective of human nature contained in their ideas of spontaneous order and the theoretical reconstruction through the interpretation of the logic of the possibility of realizing it.