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目的探讨地震灾难中遇难者亲属心理危机早期干预的方法和效果。方法对汶川地震后78名心理危机的遇难者亲属采用四步法进行早期心理干预,干预后使用危机干预分类评估量表(THF)和应激症状结构访谈评估表进行干预前后心理变化比较。结果THF显示78名亲属在认知、情感方面症状减轻明显(P<0.05),应激症状结构访谈评估显示创伤体验重复出现痛苦的程度,罪恶感或愤怒程度,苦恼和社会功能障碍程度降低显著(P<0.01)。主要是在面对类似或象征创伤事件时唤起的精神痛苦和生理反应降低,饮食和采取措施应对现实有所改善。结论早期心理危机干预四步法效果明显,可帮助遇难者亲属度过危机,恢复生机。
Objective To explore the methods and effects of early intervention in the psychological crisis of victims relatives in earthquake disaster. Methods Psychological interventions were carried out in four steps for relatives of 78 victims of the psychological crisis after the Wenchuan earthquake. Psychological changes were compared between the crisis intervention classification assessment scale (THF) and the stress symptom structure interview questionnaire after intervention. Results THF showed significant reduction in cognitive and emotional symptoms among 78 relatives (P <0.05). Interviews with stress symptoms showed that painfulness, guilt or anger, recurrence of distress and social dysfunction were significantly reduced in THF (P <0.01). Mainly in the face of similar or symbolic traumatic events elicited a decrease in mental pain and physical reactions, diet and take measures to improve the reality. Conclusion The early intervention of psychological crisis has obvious effect in four steps, which can help the relatives of the victims to pass the crisis and revive their vitality.