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【目的】揭示注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的视感知发育特点,为探索其成因、完善治疗方法提供依据。【方法】根据ICD-10注意缺陷多动障碍的诊断标准,选取来自复旦大学儿科医院心理门诊的41例患儿为研究对象,并选取性别年龄配对的正常儿作为对照。分别采用Frostig视觉感知发育量表和韦氏智力量表进行测试,分析测试结果及相关性。【结果】1)病例组总视感知,以及缩减运动的视感知和视运动整合两成分因子所得标准分均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2)男生空间位置、视觉关闭和手眼协调分测试明显低于对照组(P<0.05),女生空间位置、视觉关闭、图形稳定性、手眼协调、临摹、空间关系分测试低于对照组(P<0.05)。病例组男生手眼协调分测试明显低于女生(P<0.05)。3)病例组的言语智商、操作智商和全量表智商均低于对照组GVP、MRP及VMI与FIQ、PIQ、VIQ均有相关(r=0.4～0.7,P<0.001)。【结论】注意缺陷多动障碍存在着视感知发育的落后或缺陷,男女生的视感知能力具有不同的特点,在注意障碍儿童的治疗中,必须同时努力促进儿童的视觉感知发育。
【Objective】 To reveal the development of visual perception and development of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder to provide basis for exploring its causes and improving treatment methods. 【Methods】 According to the diagnostic criteria for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in ICD-10, 41 children from Psychological Clinic of Pediatric Hospital of Fudan University were enrolled in this study. Normal children matched by gender were selected as control. The Frostig Visual Awareness Scale and Wechsler Intelligence Scale were used to test and analyze the test results and correlation. 【Results】 1) The standard scores of total sensory perception and reduction of visual acuity and visual acuity integration in case group were significantly lower than those in control group (P <0.05). 2) The test of spatial location, visual closure and hand-eye coordination of boys was significantly lower than that of the control group (P <0.05). The spatial location, visual closure, graphic stability, hand-eye coordination, <0.05). The hand-eye coordination test of boys in the case group was significantly lower than that of the girls (P <0.05). 3) The speech IQ, IQ and full scale IQ were lower in case group than those in control group. MRP and VMI were correlated with FIQ, PIQ and VIQ (r = 0.4-0.7, P <0.001). 【Conclusion】 There is a backwardness or defect of visual perception development in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The visual perception ability of boys and girls has different characteristics. In the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, we must make efforts to promote visual perception and development of children at the same time.