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[目的]探讨人造矿物纤维绝热棉不同职业接触特征对作业工人皮肤刺激作用的不同影响结局。[方法]选择职业接触特征呈低纤维计数浓度、高总粉尘质量浓度的岩棉(含矿渣棉)企业的109名作业工人及低纤维计数浓度、低总粉尘质量浓度的玻璃棉企业的119名作业工人分别作为岩棉接触组和玻璃棉接触组,同时选择104名和119名仅接触噪声的作业工人分别作为两个接触组的对照组,进行皮肤检查和问卷调查。[结果]岩棉接触组接触性刺激性皮炎检出率为10.1%,明显高于对照组(0%);与岩棉总粉尘接触水平呈线性趋势关系(P<0.05),检出率随岩棉总粉尘浓度水平的升高而增加;但与接触工龄无关联性(P>0.05)。岩棉接触组皮肤瘙痒症状发生率(54.1%)高于对照组(11.5%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);但与总粉尘浓度接触水平和接触工龄均无关联性(P>0.05)。玻璃棉接触组接触性刺激性皮炎检出率6.7%,明显高于对照组(0%);但与总粉尘接触水平和接触工龄均无关联性(P>0.05)。玻璃棉接触组皮肤瘙痒症状发生率(38.6%),高于对照组(6.7%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);症状发生率随玻璃棉总粉尘浓度接触水平的升高而增加(P<0.05);但与接触工龄无关联性(P>0.05)。[结论]接触人造矿物纤维绝热棉可引起接触性刺激性皮炎和皮肤瘙痒症状,接触总粉尘浓度水平高的岩棉对皮肤损害的效应较接触总粉尘浓度水平低的玻璃棉更为明显。
[Objective] The purpose of this study was to investigate the different effects of different occupational exposure characteristics of artificial mineral fiber insulation cotton on the skin irritation of workers. [Method] A total of 109 workers in rock wool (slag-bearing cotton) enterprises with low fiber count concentration and high total dust concentration and 119 low-fiber count glass wool enterprises with low fiber count concentration and low total dust concentration were selected. [Methods] Workers as the rockwool contact group and the glass wool contact group, respectively, while selecting 104 and 119 workers exposed to noise only as the two contact group control group, skin examination and questionnaire. [Results] The detection rate of contact irritation dermatitis in rock wool contact group was 10.1%, which was significantly higher than that in control group (0%). The linear relationship was found between rock dust exposure and total dust exposure (P <0.05) Rockwool total dust concentration increased and increased; but no correlation with length of service (P> 0.05). The incidence of pruritus (54.1%) in rockwool contact group was higher than that in control group (11.5%), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05), but there was no correlation with total dust exposure and working length (P> 0.05). The detection rate of contact irritation dermatitis in the glass wool contact group was 6.7%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (0%). However, there was no correlation between exposure time and exposure time (P> 0.05). The incidence of skin pruritus in the contact group was higher than that in the control group (6.7%) (P <0.05). The incidence of symptoms increased with the increase of the total dust concentration in the glass wool contact group (P <0.05), but no correlation with length of service (P> 0.05). [Conclusion] Contact with artificial mineral fiber adiabatic cotton can cause contact irritant dermatitis and pruritus symptoms. The effect of rock wool exposed to high total dust concentration on skin damage is more obvious than that of glass wool exposed to low total dust concentration.