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十九世纪后半期,俄国开始走上发展资本主义的道路。由于克里米亚战争的失败和国内农民运动的兴起,沙皇政府在1861年废除了农奴制度。农奴制的废除和资本主义的成长,促进了俄国科学的发展。在十九世纪的60和70年代里,涌现出一批对世界科学的发展有主要影响的卓越的科学家。我们所熟知的一些著名的俄国学者,门捷列夫、斯托列托夫、乌莫夫、列别捷夫等都属于这一时期。斯托列托夫是俄国第一个物理实验室的创始人,他的科学工作标志着俄国物理学发展的新阶段。
In the latter half of the nineteenth century, Russia began to embark on the path of developing capitalism. Due to the failure of the Crimean War and the rise of the domestic peasant movement, the Tsar’s government abolished the serfdom in 1861. The abolition of serfdom and the growth of capitalism have promoted the development of Russian science. In the sixties and seventies of the nineteenth century, a remarkable group of scientists who had a major influence on the development of the world science emerged. We know well-known Russian scholars, Mendeleev, Stoletov, Umov, Lebedev and so on belong to this period. Storretto is the founder of Russia’s first physical laboratory and his scientific work marks a new phase in the development of Russian physics.