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目的了解房山区农村中老年人群颈动脉硬化情况及其影响因素。方法采用多阶段整群抽样的方法,调查50岁以上居民2345人,进行问卷调查、体格检查和颈动脉超声检查。结果该人群颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)增厚检出率为53.26%,颈动脉狭窄检出率为8.78%,颈动脉斑块检出率为53.43%。男性IMT增厚检出率、颈动脉狭窄检出率和颈动脉斑块检出率均高于女性,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),且随年龄增长,检出率呈上升趋势。颈动脉硬化程度随收缩压和脉压的增加而增加。吸烟人群颈动脉硬化程度高于不吸烟人群。结论男性颈动脉硬化程度高于女性,随年龄增长,颈动脉硬化程度逐渐增加。收缩压和脉压的增高、吸烟、饮酒是颈动脉硬化的危险因素。
Objective To understand the prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis and its influencing factors in rural middle-aged and elderly people in Fangshan District. Methods A multistage cluster sampling method was used to investigate 2345 residents aged 50 and over for questionnaire survey, physical examination and carotid ultrasonography. Results The carotid intima - media thickness (IMT) thickened detection rate was 53.26%, carotid artery stenosis detection rate was 8.78%, carotid artery plaque detection rate was 53.43%. The detection rate of thickened IMT, detection rate of carotid artery stenosis and detection rate of carotid plaque in male were higher than those in female (P <0.01), and with the increase of age, the detection rate was on the rise . Carotid atherosclerosis with systolic and pulse pressure increases. The prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis in smokers was higher than in nonsmokers. Conclusion The degree of carotid atherosclerosis in males is higher than that in females. With the increase of age, the degree of carotid atherosclerosis gradually increases. Systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure increase, smoking, alcohol consumption is a risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis.