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结直肠癌为妇女常见的第二大癌症,占妇女癌症死亡率的第三位。随着年龄的增加,发生结直肠癌的危险性逐年上升。据美国1992年统计,每年约有24 000名妇女死于结肠癌。妇女40岁以后,每5年结肠癌的发病率几乎增加一倍。这不仅与物质生活条件优越,饮食结构、生活方式有关,而且与妇女逐渐进入绝经期,激素水平下降有关。早在20世纪80年代初,有人提出性激素能降低结肠直肠癌发生的理论,并进行两者关系的研究。越来越多的研究表明,绝经后的激素替代治疗(hormone replace—ment therapy,HRT)能降低女性结直肠癌的危险。
Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer in women, accounting for the third leading cause of cancer death among women. With increasing age, the risk of colorectal cancer increases year by year. According to the 1992 U.S. statistics, about 24,000 women die of colon cancer each year. Women 40 years of age, every 5 years, the incidence of colon cancer almost doubled. This is not only related to superior material living conditions, diet structure, lifestyle, but also with women gradually into menopause, hormone levels decline. As early as the early 1980s, it was suggested that sex hormones can reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer theory, and the relationship between the two studies. A growing body of research shows that hormone replacement-therapy (HRT) after menopause reduces the risk of colorectal cancer in women.