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针对火炮的膛口噪声问题,提出了一种基于激波降噪机理的消声方法,利用超声速气流经过激波后总压降低、可用能量降低的特点从而降低膛口噪声声功率,进而设计了一种膛口消音器,通过扩张段增加马赫数、收缩段产生激波从而不断降低火药燃气的可用能量,达到降低膛口噪声的目的。通过建立消音器的数值计算模型及仿真分析,研究了消音器内部的流体流动情况及激波形成过程,以炮口及消音器出口的总压降低情况分析了消音器的降噪效果,并设置外部监测点检测外部压力场的变化,最后通过试验验证消音器降噪效果。结果表明:基于激波降噪机理设计的消音器可降低膛口噪声19 d B左右,且试验降噪量与采用总压降低量进行分析的降噪效果基本一致,证明了应用激波特性降低噪声以及采用总压降低量分析消音器降噪效果的可行性。研究内容为消音器设计提供了一种新思路,为炮口噪声的降低提供了理论及工程指导。
Aimed at muzzle noise of muzzle, a method of muffling based on shock wave denoising mechanism is proposed. By reducing the total pressure of muffler after reducing the total pressure of supersonic flow and reducing the muzzle power, A muffler muffler increases the Mach number through an expanding section and generates a shock wave in a contracting section to continuously reduce the available energy of the gunpowder gas so as to reduce muzzle noise. Through the establishment of the numerical model of the muffler and the simulation analysis, the flow of the fluid inside the muffler and the formation of the shock wave are studied. The noise reduction effect of the muffler is analyzed based on the total pressure drop at the exit of the muzzle and muffler. External monitoring points to detect changes in the external pressure field, and finally through the test to verify the muffler noise reduction effect. The results show that the muffler designed based on the shock wave denoising mechanism can reduce the muzzle noise about 19 dB, and the noise reduction effect of the test is basically the same with that of the total pressure drop. It is proved that the shock wave characteristics Reduce noise and reduce the total pressure drop analysis muffler noise reduction feasibility. The research content provides a new idea for muffler design and provides theoretical and engineering guidance for muzzle noise reduction.