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马克思早在19世纪40年代中期就提出了以实践为基础的交往理论,但是现代西方哲学家们没有真正体会到马克思交往理论划时代的深刻意义。在这方面哈贝马斯却独辟蹊径,将马克思的历史观与现代西方语言哲学、心理学和社会学结合在一起,在众多理论问题上对马克思的交往理论提出新的挑战。但是哈贝马斯并没有超出马克思的理论框架,他的交往理论完全是在马克思交往理论中的自圆其说,他所谓的“重建历史唯物主义”也只能是对马克思理论的一个补充。
As early as the mid-1840s, Marx put forward the practice-based theory of communication, but modern Western philosophers did not really understand the epoch-making significance of Marx’s theory of social interaction. In this respect, Habermas has created a new path that combines Marx’s view of history with modern Western philosophy of language, psychology and sociology to pose new challenges to Marx’s theory of engagement on a large number of theoretical issues. However, Habermas did not go beyond Marx’s theoretical framework. His theory of communication was entirely self-evident in Marx’s theory of social interaction. What he called “reconstruction of historical materialism” can only be a supplement to Marx’s theory.