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国土资源部《关于大力推进节约集约用地制度建设的意见》(47号文件)明确提出,积极开展采矿用地临时使用等节约集约用地改革试点。一直以来,采矿用地大都采取征地方式取得土地使用权,这给采矿企业、地方政府、农民各方带来诸多困扰,矛盾重重。如:越来越多的农民失去土地,政府安置被征地农民的压力越来越大,企业增加了成本,复垦后的土地囤积在企业手中,造成闲置浪费等等。其实,这些困扰几乎是所有矿区的顽疾。为扭转这种局面,国土资源部从上世纪末本世纪初就开始了改变矿业用地方式的探索。2005年,中国铝业广西分公司(以下简称平果铝)成为全国第一个采矿用地方式改革的试点。2012年4月,平果铝采矿用地方式改革试点通过了国土资源部的验收。平果铝试点的做法是企业从农民手中租地,采矿后再复垦造地,并且还地于农民。征地改为租地,这种用地新模式使多方受困转变为多方共赢:企业降低了成本,获得了长足的发展,农民不失地又得到更多利益,地方政府收获保护耕地、节约集约利用土地、经济社会可持续发展。平果铝采矿用地使用制度的重大创新,为广西乃至全国类似矿山采矿用地供地方式提供了示范经验。
The Opinions of the Ministry of Land and Resources on Vigorously Promoting the Construction of a System of Economical and Intensive Land Use (Document No. 47) clearly put forward the pilot program of land conservation and intensive land reform, such as the temporary use of mining land. All along, most of the land for mining has been acquired the right of land use through land acquisition, which has caused many troubles and contradictions among mining enterprises, local governments and peasants. For example, more and more peasants lose land. The government is under increasing pressure to resettle the land-expropriated peasants. Enterprises have increased their costs, and land reclaimed has accumulated in the hands of enterprises, resulting in idle waste and so on. In fact, these troubles are almost all illnesses in the mining area. In order to reverse this situation, the Ministry of Land and Resources started the exploration of changing the mode of mining land from the beginning of the last century to the beginning of this century. In 2005, CHALCO Guangxi Branch (hereinafter referred to as Pingguo Aluminum) became the pilot program of the first reform of the mining land in China. In April 2012, Pingguo Aluminum Mining Land Reform pilot passed the acceptance of the Ministry of Land and Resources. Pingguo aluminum pilot approach is to lease land from farmers in the hands of mining reclamation and reclamation, and also return to farmers. Land expropriation changed to rented land. This new mode of land use turned multi-party trap into multiple win-win situations: enterprises reduced costs and achieved considerable development; peasants enjoyed more benefits without losing territory; and local governments reaped the protection of arable land and conserved intensive use Land, economic and social sustainable development. The significant innovation in the utilization system of Pingguo aluminum mining land provided model experiences for the land supply of mining land in similar mines in Guangxi and the whole country.