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采用育秧箱全量施肥技术,通过2年田间小区试验,研究中量控释氮肥(80kgN·hm-2)、高量控释氮肥(120kgN·hm-2)和常规施肥(300kgN·hm-2)处理对水稻产量和氮素流失的影响.结果表明:与常规施肥相比,高量控释氮肥处理的水稻产量未显著降低.常规施肥处理2年平均氮素利用率为33.2%,中量和高量控释氮肥处理的平均氮素利用率分别比常规施肥处理提高26.2%和20.7%.常规施肥处理田面水的总氮含量在施肥后1～3d达最大值,中量和高量控释氮肥处理的高峰期为施肥后7～9d,全生育期内,中量和高量控释氮肥处理田面水的总氮含量均显著低于常规施肥处理.常规施肥处理的氮素渗漏流失主要在分蘖期,中量和高量控释氮肥处理的氮素渗漏流失后移至分蘖-开花期.各处理硝态氮流失量占总氮流失量的59.7%～64.2%,高量控释氮肥处理的总氮净流失量比常规施肥处理减少51.8%.
In the field experiment of two years, the medium-dose controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer (80kgN · hm-2), the high-dose controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer (120kgN · hm-2) and the conventional fertilization (300kgN · hm-2) Treatment on the yield and nitrogen loss of rice.The results showed that compared with the conventional fertilization, the yield of rice treated with high amount of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer was not significantly reduced.The average nitrogen utilization rate of two years of conventional fertilization was 33.2% The average nitrogen utilization rate of high-dose controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer was increased by 26.2% and 20.7% respectively than that of conventional fertilization treatment.The total nitrogen content of surface water of conventional fertilization reached the maximum, middle and high amount of controlled release Nitrogen fertilizer peaked from 7 to 9 days after fertilization, during the whole growth period, the total nitrogen content in surface water of medium and high controlled release nitrogen fertilizers was significantly lower than conventional fertilization treatments.The main nitrogen leakage losses of conventional fertilization At the tillering stage, the nitrogen leakage from middle and high amount controlled-release nitrogen fertilization moved to tillering-flowering stage, and the amount of nitrate nitrogen lost from treatment was 59.7% to 64.2% of total nitrogen loss, The net nitrogen loss of nitrogen treatment decreased by 51.8% than that of conventional fertilization treatment.