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梵蒂冈图书馆收藏的汉籍中,有数十种是17-18世纪西士编纂的汉外字典手稿,记录了西方人认识和研究汉语的一段历程,具有独特的史料价值。本文述介了《字汇腊丁略解》《拉-意-汉字典》《康熙字典全目》等14种手稿,从中可以看到西士怎样为汉字设计注音体系并谋求改进,怎样给汉语词汇划分语义类别,怎样处理中西语文释义不对应的问题,以及怎样参照西洋语法来描述汉语语法。
Among the Chinese collected in the Vatican Library, there are dozens of Chinese-language dictionary manuscripts compiled by the West in the 17th and 18th centuries, which record the history of Westerners’ understanding and study of Chinese. They have unique historical values. This article describes 14 kinds of manuscripts, such as “Led-Italian-Chinese Dictionary” and “Kangxi Dictionary All-Purpose Dictionary”, from which we can see how Xixi designs and improves phonetic system for Chinese characters and how to divide the Chinese vocabulary Semantic categories, how to deal with the problem of not answering Chinese and Western interpretations, and how to describe Chinese grammar with reference to Western grammar.