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目的：分析５例中毒性休克综合征（ＴＳＳ）患者的临床资料，加强对ＴＳＳ的认识。方法和结果：患者男性４例，女性１例，年龄１４～５０岁。４例可查明原发感染病灶。基本临床特征为高热（≥３９．５℃，５／５），低血压或休克（５／５），猩红热样皮疹（５／５），恢复期脱屑（４／４），多脏器损害（≥５个脏器，５／５），外周血白细胞增多伴核左移（５／５），血小板减少（５／５）及血培养阴性（５／５）。４例经积极治疗痊愈，１例女性患者因病情严重合并急性肾功能衰竭、成人呼吸窘迫综合征（ＡＲＤＳ）和播散性血管内凝血（ＤＩＣ）而死亡。结论：高热，休克伴猩红热样皮疹，多脏器损害，血小板减少，血培养阴性和恢复期脱屑对ＴＳＳ诊断有重要价值。救治措施除积极抗休克，合理应用抗生素外，加强对并发症的护理亦很重要。
Objective: To analyze the clinical data of 5 patients with toxic shock syndrome (TSS) and to strengthen the understanding of TSS. Methods and Results: There were 4 males and 1 females aged from 14 to 50 years. 4 cases can identify the primary infection lesions. The basic clinical features were high fever (≥39.5 ℃, 5/5), hypotension or shock (5/5), scarlet fever-like rash (5/5), convalescent desquamation (≥5 organs, 5/5), peripheral leukocytosis with left nucleus (5/5), thrombocytopenia (5/5), and blood culture negative (5/5). Four patients were cured with active treatment and one female patient died of severe acute renal failure, adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). CONCLUSIONS: High fever, shock with scarlet fever-like rash, multiple organ damage, thrombocytopenia, negative blood culture and convalescent desquamation have important value in the diagnosis of TSS. Treatment measures In addition to active anti-shock, rational use of antibiotics, to strengthen the care of complications is also very important.