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目的了解四川省汶川地震后1个月受灾居民获得的社会支持状况,为今后的援助工作提供参考依据。方法采用自编灾后社会支持调查问卷,在地震后1个月,对四川省德阳市、绵竹市、什邡市、汉旺镇地震点的居民进行面访式问卷调查。结果共调查居民290人,回收有效问卷236份,有效率为81.38%;物质支持、信息支持、情感支持平均得分分别为(4.26±0.65),(3.82±0.89),(4.06±0.81)分,3个维度间得分差异有统计学意义(F=26.38,P<0.01),在不同社会支持维度上,社会支持提供者分布情况差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);在情感支持维度上,女性得分为(4.18±0.74)分,男性为(3.92±0.80)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);成年早期的居民得分低于学龄期、青年期和成年中期,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论地震后1个月,震区居民获得物质支持与情感支持较多,男性及成年早期居民获得的情感支持较少,应加强对信息支持的重视及情感支持的提供。
Objective To understand the social support received by residents affected by the earthquake one month after the Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan Province, and provide a reference for future aid work. Methods The self-made questionnaire of social support was used to survey the residents of the earthquakes in Deyang, Mianzhu, Shifang and Hanwang townships in Sichuan province one month after the earthquake. Results A total of 290 residents were surveyed and 236 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective rate of 81.38%. The average scores of material support, information support and emotional support were (4.26 ± 0.65), (3.82 ± 0.89) and (4.06 ± 0.81) points respectively, There were significant differences among the three dimensions (F = 26.38, P <0.01). There were significant differences in the distribution of social support providers in different social support dimensions (P <0.001). In the dimension of emotional support, (4.18 ± 0.74) points for females and (3.92 ± 0.80) points for females, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The score of residents in early adulthood was lower than that of school-age, adolescent and mid-adulthood Significance (P <0.05). Conclusions One month after the earthquake, residents in the earthquake area received more material support and emotional support, while men and early-age residents received less emotional support. Therefore, more attention should be paid to information support and provision of emotional support.