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以前曾认为新生儿不易罹患消化道传染病,但近年来随着现代医学及免疫学的发展已否定了这种看法。由于新生儿的免疫系统发育不完善、细胞免疫及体液免疫还不成熟、防御传染的机能较低下,加上从胎内的无菌环境到出生后急速地暴露在各种细菌存在的环境中,开始形成细菌丛等特殊条件,这就使新生儿消化道传染病的发病、临床表现及治疗等与幼儿、学龄期儿童及成人有所不同。现将有关情况综述如下。
It was previously thought that newborns are not prone to gastrointestinal infections, but this view has been rejected in recent years with the development of modern medicine and immunology. Due to the imperfect development of the immune system of the newborn, cellular immunity and humoral immunity are not mature, the function of the defense against infection is low, plus from the sterile environment within the fetus to the rapid exposure after birth in a variety of bacteria exist in the environment, Began to form special conditions such as bacterial plexus, which makes the incidence of neonatal gastrointestinal diseases, clinical manifestations and treatment with young children, school-age children and adults are different. The relevant information is summarized as follows.