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通过田间试验研究了4种除草剂(2,4-D丁酯、巨星、世玛和骠马)对2个小麦品种(临优145和临汾138)光合特性、籽粒产量和品质的影响。结果表明:2,4-D丁酯使小麦灌浆期间旗叶的叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)和净光合速率(Pn)一直较低,千粒重和籽粒产量显著低于对照;巨星使灌浆前期的SPAD和Pn较高而中后期快速下降,灌浆持续时间缩短,产量与对照相近;世玛使灌浆前中期SPAD值和Pn较低但后期下降缓慢,灌浆持续时间延长,千粒重和籽粒产量显著高于对照和其它处理;骠马对光合特性和产量影响较小。2,4-D丁酯和骠马使籽粒的蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值、吸水率、评价值显著或极显著提高,稳定时间延长,而形成时间与对照相近;巨星和世玛处理的品质指标大多低于或接近对照。研究发现,除草剂通过调控旗叶光合特性和灌浆进程来影响千粒重和籽粒产量,且除草剂和品种间存在差异;2,4-D丁酯虽能明显改善小麦品质但却显著降低籽粒产量,骠马使小麦品质特性改善的同时也使籽粒产量有所提高,世玛虽能显著提高籽粒产量却使品质特性变差。
Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of four herbicides (2,4-Dbutyl, Festar, Sima and Gema) on photosynthetic characteristics, grain yield and quality of two wheat cultivars (Linyou 145 and Linfen 138). The results showed that the SPAD value and Pn of flag leaves were always lower, and the grain weight and grain yield of 1000-grain weight and grain yield were significantly lower than those of the control during 2,4-D butyl ester filling. And Pn were higher in the middle and late period, and the duration of filling was shortened and the yield was similar to that of the control. The content of SPAD and Pn in the mid-filling stage of Shima was lower but decreased slowly in the late stage, the duration of filling was prolonged, the grain weight and grain yield were significantly higher than those in the control And other treatments; Colts had little effect on photosynthetic characteristics and yield. 2,4-D butylate and stirrup caused significant or very significant increase in protein content, wet gluten content, sedimentation value, water absorption, and evaluation value of the grain, and extended the stabilization time, while the formation time was similar to that of the control; Most of the quality indicators below or close to the control. The results showed that herbicides affected grain weight and grain yield by controlling flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics and grain filling rate, and there were differences between herbicides and cultivars. Although 2,4-D butylate significantly improved wheat quality but significantly reduced grain yield, Emu improves the quality of wheat and also increases the grain yield. Although Smar can significantly increase the grain yield, the quality of the grain will deteriorate.