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目的了解嘉定区中小学生营养知识健康教育干预效果,为改善中小学生营养状况提供依据。方法以简单随机和整群抽样相结合的方法,随机抽取上海市嘉定区13所中学和13所小学学生970名作为研究对象进行干预,干预形式为专题培训、讲座、健康教育大课堂、发放宣传资料、版面巡展、知识竞赛等,0.5 a内相同宣传重复2次,2010年2月进行干预前基线调查,2010年9月进行干预的评估调查。结果膳食指南相关知识知晓率小学生干预前为66.46%,干预后为72.22%;中学生干预前为74.29%,干预后74.02%。小学生平衡膳食与膳食宝塔相关知识知晓率干预前为67.52%,干预后为74.02%;中学生干预前为71.70%,干预后为74.42%;合理营养相关知识知晓率小学生干预前为68.09%,干预后为73.59%;中学生干预前为73.46%,干预后为74.78%。干预后与干预前比较,相关营养知识总知晓率小学生从62.75%上升到69.67%,差异有统计学意义(u=117.87,P=0.000);中学生从70.04%上升到70.27%,差异无统计学意义(u=0.158,P=0.691)。结论宣传、开展健康知识竞赛、下发宣传手册等干预手段,对中小学生膳食营养知识的提高是有效的。中学生干预效果相对小学生较差,是今后健康教育的重点干预方向。
Objective To understand the effect of health education intervention of nutritional knowledge among primary and secondary school students in Jiading District and provide evidence for improving the nutritional status of primary and middle school students. Methods A total of 970 middle school students and 13 primary school students from Jiading District of Shanghai were selected randomly as the research object by means of a combination of simple random sampling and cluster sampling. The interventions were special trainings, lectures, health education classes and publicized advertisements Information, layout tour, knowledge contest, etc., repeated within 0.5 a twice the same publicity, in February 2010 before the intervention baseline survey, in September 2010 for the assessment of the intervention survey. Results The awareness rate of dietary guidelines was 66.46% before intervention, 72.22% after intervention, 74.29% before intervention and 74.02% after intervention. The awareness rate of primary school students’ balance diet and diet pagoda was 67.52% before intervention and 74.02% after intervention; 71.70% before intervention and 74.42% after intervention; the rate of reasonable nutrition-related knowledge was 68.09% before intervention, 73.59% for middle school students, 73.46% for middle school students before intervention, and 74.78% after intervention. Compared with before intervention, the total awareness rate of relevant nutritional knowledge increased from 62.75% to 69.67%, the difference was statistically significant (u = 117.87, P = 0.000); middle school students increased from 70.04% to 70.27%, the difference was not statistically significant Significance (u = 0.158, P = 0.691). Conclusions Publicity, health knowledge contests and publicity brochures are effective measures to improve dietary knowledge of primary and middle school students. The effect of intervention in middle school students is relatively poor, which is the key intervention direction of health education in the future.