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Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) have been widely used to assess neurological function in clinical practice. A good understanding of the association between SEP signals and neurological function is helpful for precise diagnosis of impairment location. Previous studies on SEPs have been reported in animal models. However, few studies have reported the relationships between SEP waveforms in animals and those in humans. In this study, we collected normal SEP waveforms and decomposed them into specific time–frequency components (TFCs). Our results showed three stable TFC distribution regions in intact goats and rats and in humans. After we induced spinal cord injury in the animal models, a greater number of small TFC distribution regions were observed in the injured goat and rat groups than in the normal group. Moreover, there were significant correlations (P < 0.05) and linear relationships between the main SEP TFCs of the human group and those of the goat and rat groups. A stable TFC distribution of SEP components was observed in the human, goat and rat groups, and the TFC distribution modes were similar between the three groups. Results in various animal models in this study could be translated to future clinical studies based on SEP TFC analysis. Human studies were approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Hong Kong/Hospital Authority Hong Kong West Cluster (approval No. UM 05-312 T/975) on December 5, 2005. Rat experiments were approved by the Committee on the Use of Live Animals in Teaching and Research of Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine of the University of Hong Kong (approval No. CULART 2912-12) on January 28, 2013. Goat experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University (approval No. GDY2002132) on March 5, 2018.