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RNA干扰(RNAi)是由双链RNA介导的由特定酶参与的特异性基因沉默现象,它在转录水平、转录后水平和翻译水平上阻断基因的表达。RNAi作为一种强大的基因沉默技术,具有高效性和高特异性等特点,被广泛应用于生物医学等各个研究领域,其在呼吸系统疾病的治疗研究方面也取得了很多突破性的进展,广泛用于病毒感染、肺癌、哮喘等疾病的分子生物学机制的研究与治疗。本文对RNAi技术的发现、作用机制及在呼吸系统疾病治疗上的应用进行了综述。
RNA interference (RNAi) is a double-stranded RNA mediated by specific enzymes involved in the specific gene silencing phenomenon, it at the transcriptional level, post-transcriptional level and translational level of gene expression. As a powerful gene silencing technology, RNAi is characterized by its high efficiency and high specificity. It has been widely used in various fields such as biomedicine, and has made many breakthroughs in the treatment of respiratory diseases. For the virus infection, lung cancer, asthma and other diseases molecular biology research and treatment. This review summarizes the discovery, mechanism and application of RNAi in the treatment of respiratory diseases.