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在地学上,洼地是指陆地上高程在海平面以下的地区(不包括人工开掘的和大河腹地的低洼地),它们多由断裂陷落而成。比如,在东非裂谷带及其附近洼地分布较密。洼地最低处的测量标准是,如果该地常年是湖泊,则指该湖泊平均水面的海拔,比如,艾丁湖(-155米);如果为时令湖、干谷或盆地,则指其底部的海拔,比如,北艾尔湖(-16米)、死谷(-86米)。由于它们多分布在干燥地区,受气候和地质构造等因素影响,对于湖泊水面而言,其海拔会发生改变,比如,目前死海的水位平均每年下降1米。一、亚洲主要的洼地1.死海(-400米)——地球表面最低点死海是一个内陆盐湖,位于以色列和约旦之间的约旦谷地的最低部,是东非大裂谷的北部延续部分,其水面平均低于海平面400米。死海长80千米,宽处为18千米,面积约1020平方千米。湖面水位有季节性变化,在30厘米～60厘米之间。死海水含盐量极高,且越到湖底越高,游泳者极易浮起。湖中除细菌外没有其他
Geologically, the depression refers to the land elevation below sea level (excluding artificially excavated and deep valleys of the river hinterland), they are mostly caused by the rupture of the fall. For example, in the East African Rift and its vicinity depression distribution more dense. The measure of the lowest point of the depression is the average elevation of the lake if the lake is perennial, for example, Lake Aiding (-155 m); in the case of a seasonal lake, dry valley or basin, Elevation, for example, North Ayrshire (-16 meters), Death Valley (-86 meters). As they are mostly distributed in dry areas and affected by climate and geological formations, their elevation will change for lake water surface. For example, the current water level in the Dead Sea drops by an average of 1 meter per year. 1. The main depressions in Asia 1. Dead Sea (-400 meters) - the lowest point on the surface of the Earth The Dead Sea is an inland salt lake located in the lowest part of the Jordan Valley between Israel and Jordan and a continuation of the northern part of the Great East African Rift. Its surface is below 400 meters above sea level on average. Dead Sea 80 km long, 18 km wide, an area of about 1020 square kilometers. The lake has a seasonal change in water level, between 30 cm and 60 cm. Dead sea water, high salinity, and the more to the bottom of the lake, swimmers easily floated. No bacteria other than bacteria in the lake