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近年来,有关不同物种尿道结构及控尿机制的研究越来越多,然而它们之间的相互联系却少有关注。为了更好地理解人类尿道的结构与功能,本文从生物进化的角度对处于较高进化阶段的狗、猫、兔、大鼠等哺乳类动物的尿道相关研究作一综述,并在其大体解剖学结构、被覆上皮种类、肌组织和神经递质受体分布等方面与人类尿道进行比较。对尿道精细结构的相关研究和比较为今后人控尿机制的研究以及动物模型的选择具有深远的意义。
In recent years, there are more and more researches on the urethral structure and urinary control mechanism of different species. However, their interrelationships are paid little attention. In order to better understand the structure and function of the human urethra, this article reviewed the urethral related studies of mammals such as dogs, cats, rabbits and rats at a relatively advanced stage of evolution in terms of biological evolution. The structure, the type of epithelium covered, the distribution of muscle tissue and neurotransmitter receptors were compared with that of human urethra. The research and comparison of the fine structure of the urethra have far-reaching significance for the future research on the mechanism of human urine control and animal model selection.