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干旱是树木生长过程中一种常见的逆境。树木为了适应干旱,在叶形态及解剖结构、叶片内含物质、渗透调节及酶调节等方面产生一系列生理变化,以保持渗透势的平衡和清除自由基,避免或者减轻细胞受到伤害。文中综述了干旱对树木叶片形态及解剖特性、比叶面积及叶面积指数、叶片气孔调节及光合生理、叶片内含物质、抗旱生理和叶片脱落及衰老等方面的影响。未来的研究热点是在大尺度上长期研究叶性状和抗旱生理的关系,对叶片性状及其环境进行协同研究,强化常见树木的主要栽培品种和珍稀树种的叶片抗旱研究,通过基因工程和分子育种技术筛选抗旱品种。
Drought is a common adversity in the growth of trees. In order to adapt to drought, trees produce a series of physiological changes in leaf morphology and anatomy, leaf contents, osmotic adjustment and enzyme regulation, etc. to maintain the balance of osmotic potential and eliminate free radicals, and to avoid or reduce cell damage. The paper summarized the effects of drought on the morphological and anatomical characteristics of leaves, specific leaf area and leaf area index, leaf stomatal regulation and photosynthetic physiology, contents of leaves, drought resistance physiology, leaf detachment and senescence. Future research focuses on the long-term study of the relationship between leaf traits and drought physiology on a large scale, and the synergistic research on leaf traits and its environment, strengthening the leaf drought resistance research of common cultivars and rare species of common trees. Through genetic engineering and molecular breeding Technical screening of drought-resistant varieties.