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科学学是以科学技术为研究对象的一门新兴学科。在国外,有的叫“Science of Science”(科学的科学),有的叫“Sociology of Science”(科学社会学)。本世纪三十年代以来,自然科学家(如英国的贝尔纳)和社会学家(如美国的默顿)曾从不同的角度,对科学与社会之间的关系进行了探索和研究,逐步形成了这门学科。科学学把科学技术作为一个统一的知识体系和一种社会现象来研究,为科技战略部署、科技政策的制订和科技管理等提供科学依据。科学学在国际上已经成为
Science is based on science and technology as a research object of a new discipline. Abroad, some called “Science of Science” (science of science), some called “Sociology of Science” (science sociology). Since the 1930s, natural scientists (such as Bernard in Britain) and sociologists (such as Merton in the United States) have explored and studied the relationship between science and society from different perspectives and gradually formed This discipline. Science studies science and technology as a unified knowledge system and a social phenomenon to study and provide a scientific basis for the strategic deployment of science and technology, the formulation of science and technology policies and the management of science and technology. Science has become internationally